# Alternative Treatment Definitions: Triple-Diff Robustness

| Definition | N openers | N trans. | Z₁×post | SE | p | Z₁ (pre) | p (pre) | N | R² |
|:---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| Baseline (cross 0 or jump>1) | 102 | 19 | -51.145 | 64.100 | 0.425 | 118.035** | 0.028 | 548 | 0.027 |
| Permanent (≥0 for 3yr) | 55 | 13 | -77.166 | 75.913 | 0.310 | 164.292*** | 0.005 | 431 | 0.101 |
| Permanent (≥0 for 5yr) | 53 | 13 | -77.166 | 75.913 | 0.310 | 164.292*** | 0.005 | 431 | 0.101 |
| Higher threshold (cross +1) | 102 | 19 | -139.411** | 62.443 | 0.026 | 157.177*** | 0.004 | 548 | 0.056 |
| Lower threshold (cross -0.5) | 101 | 19 | -127.830** | 62.202 | 0.040 | 158.113*** | 0.004 | 548 | 0.047 |
| Jump only (>1pt increase) | 101 | 19 | -124.529** | 62.342 | 0.046 | 154.641*** | 0.005 | 548 | 0.049 |
| Binning: No binning (exact year) | 105 | 18 | -121.015* | 63.200 | 0.056 | 162.140*** | 0.004 | 533 | 0.056 |
| Binning: 3-year bins | 105 | 18 | -160.070** | 62.851 | 0.011 | 189.836*** | 0.001 | 533 | 0.086 |
| Binning: 5-year bins (baseline) | 105 | 18 | -109.692* | 66.139 | 0.098 | 167.196*** | 0.004 | 533 | 0.084 |
| Binning: 10-year bins | 105 | 18 | -108.875 | 74.516 | 0.145 | 157.731** | 0.014 | 533 | 0.036 |

*Transition economies subsample (CCA + CEE + Baltics). Triple-diff: CA = Z + controls + post + Z×post.*
*Baseline opening: first year KAOPEN crosses 0 from below or jumps >1 point (Chinn-Ito).*